THE HIDDEN FINANCIAL BURDEN OF HEALTHCARE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF INFORMAL PAYMENTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA [VERSION 1; PEER REVIEW: 1 APPROVED, 2 APPROVED WITH RESERVATIONS]

Background: Informal payments limit equitable access to healthcare.Despite being a common phenomenon, there is a need for an in-depth analysis of informal charging practices in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) context.We conducted a systematic literature review to synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence, characteristics, associated factors, and

In order L-Carnosine to counteract the shadow sector of economy, organized crime and terrorist attacks many countries set up systems of opposing criminal income laundering and terrorism financing, whose primary goal is finance monitoring.The first level of such systems forms associations of international status, the second level is occupied by nati

In an undisturbed state below the water table, the sulfidic soils All rounder are benign, unless exposed due to various natural processes or anthropogenic activities and sulfuric acidity is produce, which has negative impacts on the environment.This paper examines the effects of organic matter, organic matter co-existing with live plants or live pl